Class in Dart

Class In Dart

In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. A class defines the properties and methods that an object will have. For example, a class called Dog might have properties like breed, color and methods like bark, run.

Declaring Class In Dart

You can declare a class in dart using the class keyword followed by class name and braces {}. It’s a good habit to write class name in PascalCase. For example, Employee, Student, QuizBrain, etc.

Syntax

class ClassName {
// properties or fields
// methods or functions
}

In the above syntax:

• The class keyword is used for defining the class.
• ClassName is the name of the class and must start with capital letter.
• Body of the class consists of properties and functions.
• Properties are used to store the data. It is also known as fields or attributes.
• Functions are used to perform the operations. It is also known as methods.

Example 1: Declaring A Class In Dart

In this example below, there is class Animal with three properties: name, numberOfLegs, and lifeSpan. The class also has a method called display, which prints out the values of the three properties.

class Animal {
  String? name;
  int? numberOfLegs;
  int? lifeSpan;

  void display() {
    print("Animal name: $name.");
    print("Number of Legs: $numberOfLegs.");
    print("Life Span: $lifeSpan.");
  }
}

Example 2: Declaring A Person Class In Dart

In this example below, there is class Person with four properties: name, phone, isMarried, and age. The class also has a method called displayInfo, which prints out the values of the four properties.

class Person {
  String? name;
  String? phone;
  bool? isMarried;
  int? age;

  void displayInfo() {
    print("Person name: $name.");
    print("Phone number: $phone.");
    print("Married: $isMarried.");
    print("Age: $age.");
  }
}

Example 3: Declaring Area Class In Dart

In this example below, there is class Area with two properties: length and breadth. The class also has a method called calculateArea, which calculates the area of the rectangle.

class Area {
  double? length;
  double? breadth;

  double calculateArea() {
    return length! * breadth!;
  }
}

Example 4: Declaring A Student Class In Dart

In this example below, there is class Student with three properties: name, age, and grade. The class also has a method called displayInfo, which prints out the values of the three properties.

class Student {
  String? name;
  int? age;
  int? grade;

  void displayInfo() {
    print("Student name: $name.");
    print("Student age: $age.");
    print("Student grade: $grade.");
  }
}

Key Points

• The class is declared using the class keyword.
• The class is a blueprint for creating objects.
• The class body consists of properties and methods.
• The properties are also known as fields, attributes, or data members.
• The methods are also known as behaviors, or member functions.

Challenge

Create a class Book with three properties: name, author, and price. Also, create a method called display, which prints out the values of the three properties.

Video

Watch our video on class in Dart.